Qhov Chaw Thawj: Houcheng Liu. Cov xwm txheej kev txhim kho thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm kev lag luam teeb pom kev zoo LED cog [J]. Phau ntawv xov xwm ntawm Illumination Engineering, 2018,29 (04): 8-9.
Qhov Chaw Sau Ntawv: Cov Khoom Siv Thaum Sib Sib Zog

Lub teeb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev loj hlob thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lub teeb tsis yog tsuas yog muab lub zog rau cov nroj tsuag los ntawm photosynthesis xwb, tab sis kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tswj kev loj hlob thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Kev ntxiv lub teeb dag lossis kev siv lub teeb dag tag nrho tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ua rau cov qoob loo ntau ntxiv, txhim kho cov duab ntawm cov khoom, xim, txhim kho cov khoom ua haujlwm, thiab txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag. Hnub no, kuv yuav qhia rau koj txog qhov xwm txheej kev loj hlob thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm kev lag luam teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Cov thev naus laus zis siv lub teeb pom kev zoo tau siv ntau dua thiab ntau dua hauv kev teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag. LED muaj ntau yam zoo xws li kev siv hluav taws xob zoo, tsim cua sov tsawg, me me, lub neej ntev thiab ntau lwm yam zoo. Nws muaj cov txiaj ntsig pom tseeb hauv kev teeb pom kev zoo rau kev cog qoob loo. Kev lag luam teeb pom kev zoo rau kev cog qoob loo yuav maj mam siv cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo LED rau kev cog qoob loo.

A. Qhov xwm txheej kev loj hlob ntawm LED loj hlob teeb pom kev lag luam 

1. Pob LED rau kev loj hlob teeb pom kev zoo

Hauv kev lag luam ntawm kev cog qoob loo LED teeb pom kev zoo, muaj ntau hom khoom siv ntim khoom, thiab tsis muaj kev ntsuas thiab kev ntsuam xyuas tus qauv. Yog li ntawd, piv rau cov khoom lag luam hauv tsev, cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws feem ntau tsom mus rau kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog siab, cob thiab module, xav txog cov teeb pom kev zoo dawb ntawm cov nroj tsuag cog qoob loo, xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo tib neeg, muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua hauv kev ntseeg tau, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm photosynthetic hluav taws xob ntawm cov nroj tsuag sib txawv hauv ntau lub voj voog loj hlob, suav nrog ntau hom nroj tsuag muaj zog siab, nruab nrab thiab qis zog ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ntau yam nroj tsuag hauv ntau qhov chaw loj hlob, cia siab tias yuav ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua kom cov nroj tsuag loj hlob zoo tshaj plaws thiab txuag hluav taws xob.

Muaj ntau daim ntawv pov thawj tseem ceeb rau cov chip epitaxial wafers tseem nyob hauv tes ntawm cov tuam txhab ua lag luam thaum ntxov xws li Nyiv Pooj Nichia thiab American Career. Cov chaw tsim khoom hauv tsev tseem tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam patented nrog kev sib tw ua lag luam. Tib lub sijhawm, ntau lub tuam txhab kuj tseem tab tom tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab hauv kev cog qoob loo teeb pom kev zoo. Piv txwv li, Osram cov thev naus laus zis nyias nyias ua rau cov chips raug ntim ze ua ke los tsim kom muaj qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo loj. Raws li cov thev naus laus zis no, lub zog ua haujlwm siab LED teeb pom kev zoo nrog qhov ntev ntawm 660nm tuaj yeem txo 40% ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob hauv thaj chaw cog qoob loo.

2. Cog cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov khoom siv
Lub spectrum ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog qhov nyuaj thiab ntau haiv neeg. Cov nroj tsuag sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv loj hauv cov spectra xav tau hauv cov voj voog loj hlob sib txawv thiab txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov chaw loj hlob sib txawv. Yuav kom ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau sib txawv no, tam sim no muaj cov phiaj xwm hauv qab no hauv kev lag luam: ① Ntau lub teeb monochromatic ua ke. Peb lub spectra zoo tshaj plaws rau cov nroj tsuag photosynthesis yog feem ntau yog cov spectrum nrog cov ncov ntawm 450nm thiab 660nm, 730nm band rau inducing cov nroj tsuag paj, ntxiv rau lub teeb ntsuab ntawm 525nm thiab ultraviolet band hauv qab 380nm. Ua ke cov hom spectra no raws li cov kev xav tau sib txawv ntawm cov nroj tsuag los tsim cov spectrum tsim nyog tshaj plaws. ② Cov phiaj xwm spectrum tag nrho kom ua tiav tag nrho cov kev pabcuam ntawm cov nroj tsuag xav tau spectrum. Hom spectrum no sib raug rau SUNLIKE chip sawv cev los ntawm Seoul Semiconductor thiab Samsung tej zaum yuav tsis yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis nws haum rau txhua cov nroj tsuag, thiab tus nqi qis dua li ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo monochromatic ua ke. ③ Siv lub teeb dawb puv spectrum ua lub hauv paus, ntxiv rau lub teeb liab 660nm ua ke los txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov spectrum. Txoj kev npaj no pheej yig dua thiab siv tau zoo dua.

Cov khoom siv ntim khoom siv rau kev cog qoob loo monochromatic LED chips (cov wavelengths tseem ceeb yog 450nm, 660nm, 730nm) tau them los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, thaum cov khoom hauv tsev muaj ntau yam thiab muaj ntau yam lus qhia, thiab cov khoom lag luam txawv teb chaws tau ua raws li tus qauv ntau dua. Tib lub sijhawm, hais txog photosynthetic photon flux, Lub teeb ua haujlwm zoo, thiab lwm yam, tseem muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom ntim khoom hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Rau cov khoom siv ntim khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo monochromatic, ntxiv rau cov khoom lag luam nrog cov kab wavelength tseem ceeb ntawm 450nm, 660nm, thiab 730nm, ntau lub tuam txhab tsim khoom kuj tseem tab tom tsim cov khoom tshiab hauv lwm cov kab wavelength kom paub txog kev them tag nrho rau photo-synthetically active radiation (PAR) wavelength (450-730nm).

Cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag monochromatic LED tsis haum rau kev loj hlob ntawm txhua cov nroj tsuag. Yog li ntawd, qhov zoo ntawm cov LEDs puv spectrum tau raug hais txog. Cov spectrum puv yuav tsum ua ntej ua tiav tag nrho cov kev pab them nqi ntawm tag nrho cov spectrum ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo (400-700nm), thiab nce kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob txoj kab no: lub teeb xiav-ntsuab (470-510nm), lub teeb liab tob (660-700nm). Siv cov LED xiav ib txwm lossis ultraviolet LED chip nrog phosphor kom ua tiav "tag nrho" spectrum, thiab nws cov photosynthetic efficiency muaj nws tus kheej siab thiab qis. Feem ntau cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov nroj tsuag teeb pom kev zoo dawb LED ntim khoom siv siv Xiav chip + phosphors kom ua tiav tag nrho spectrum. Ntxiv nrog rau hom ntim ntawm lub teeb monochromatic thiab lub teeb xiav lossis ultraviolet chip ntxiv rau phosphor kom paub lub teeb dawb, cov nroj tsuag teeb pom kev zoo ntim khoom kuj muaj hom ntim khoom sib xyaw uas siv ob lossis ntau dua wavelength chips, xws li liab kaum xiav / ultraviolet, RGB, RGBW. Hom ntim khoom no muaj qhov zoo heev hauv kev dimming.

Hais txog cov khoom LED nqaim-wavelength, feem ntau cov neeg muab khoom ntim khoom tuaj yeem muab cov neeg siv khoom nrog ntau yam khoom wavelength hauv 365-740nm band. Hais txog cov nroj tsuag teeb pom kev zoo spectrum hloov los ntawm phosphors, feem ntau cov chaw tsim khoom ntim khoom muaj ntau yam spectrum rau cov neeg siv khoom xaiv los ntawm. Piv nrog rau xyoo 2016, nws cov nqi muag khoom loj hlob hauv xyoo 2017 tau ua tiav qhov nce ntxiv. Ntawm lawv, qhov kev loj hlob ntawm 660nm LED teeb pom kev zoo yog concentrated hauv 20% -50%, thiab qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev muag khoom ntawm phosphor-hloov pauv cog LED teeb pom kev zoo ncav cuag 50% -200%, uas yog, kev muag khoom ntawm phosphor-hloov pauv cog LED teeb pom kev zoo loj hlob sai dua.

Txhua lub tuam txhab ntim khoom tuaj yeem muab cov khoom ntim dav dav 0.2-0.9 W thiab 1-3 W. Cov teeb pom kev no tso cai rau cov chaw tsim teeb pom kev zoo kom muaj kev ywj pheej zoo hauv kev tsim teeb pom kev zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee lub tuam txhab tsim khoom kuj muab cov khoom ntim khoom muaj zog dua. Tam sim no, ntau dua 80% ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj ntawm feem ntau cov tuam txhab tsim khoom yog 0.2-0.9 W lossis 1-3 W. Ntawm lawv, cov khoom xa tuaj ntawm cov tuam txhab ntim khoom thoob ntiaj teb tau tsom mus rau 1-3 W, thaum cov khoom xa tuaj ntawm cov tuam txhab ntim khoom me thiab nruab nrab tau tsom mus rau 0.2-0.9 W.

3. Cov teb ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov nroj tsuag loj hlob teeb pom kev zoo

Los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm daim ntawv thov, cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo cog qoob loo feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev teeb pom kev zoo hauv tsev cog khoom, cov chaw tsim khoom teeb pom kev zoo cuav, cov nroj tsuag cog cov ntaub so ntswg, teeb pom kev zoo sab nraum zoov, cog zaub hauv tsev thiab paj, thiab tshawb fawb hauv chaw kuaj mob.

①Hauv cov tsev cog khoom hnub ci thiab ntau lub tsev cog khoom, qhov sib piv ntawm lub teeb dag rau lub teeb pom kev ntxiv tseem tsawg, thiab cov teeb hlau halide thiab cov teeb sodium siab yog cov tseem ceeb. Qhov nkag mus ntawm LED cog teeb pom kev zoo yog qhov tsawg, tab sis qhov kev loj hlob pib nrawm dua thaum tus nqi poob qis. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog tias cov neeg siv muaj kev paub ntev ntawm kev siv cov teeb hlau halide thiab cov teeb sodium siab, thiab kev siv cov teeb hlau halide thiab cov teeb sodium siab tuaj yeem muab kwv yees li 6% txog 8% ntawm lub zog cua sov rau lub tsev cog khoom thaum zam kev kub hnyiab rau cov nroj tsuag. Lub teeb LED cog teeb pom kev zoo tsis tau muab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb thiab zoo thiab kev txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv, uas ncua nws daim ntawv thov hauv nruab hnub thiab ntau lub tsev cog khoom. Tam sim no, cov ntawv thov me me tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb. Raws li LED yog lub teeb txias, nws tuaj yeem nyob ze rau lub canopy ntawm cov nroj tsuag, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg dua ntawm qhov kub. Hauv nruab hnub thiab ntau lub tsev cog khoom, LED cog teeb pom kev zoo feem ntau siv hauv kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

② Kev siv rau sab nraum zoov ua liaj ua teb. Kev nkag mus thiab kev siv teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv kev ua liaj ua teb tau qeeb heev, thaum kev siv cov teeb pom kev zoo LED rau cov nroj tsuag (kev tswj lub sijhawm photoperiod) rau cov qoob loo sab nraum zoov uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev lag luam (xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo zaj) tau ua tiav kev loj hlob sai.

③Cov Hoobkas Cog Qoob Loo. Tam sim no, lub tshuab teeb pom kev zoo sai tshaj plaws thiab siv dav tshaj plaws yog lub Hoobkas teeb pom kev zoo cuav, uas muab faib ua ntau txheej hauv nruab nrab thiab faib cov Hoobkas cog qoob loo raws li pawg. Kev tsim cov Hoobkas teeb pom kev zoo cuav hauv Suav teb yog sai heev. Lub koom haum tseem ceeb ntawm lub Hoobkas teeb pom kev zoo cuav ntau txheej hauv nruab nrab tsis yog cov tuam txhab ua liaj ua teb ib txwm muaj, tab sis yog ntau lub tuam txhab koom nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau cov neeg siv khoom, xws li Zhongke San'an, Foxconn, Panasonic Suzhou, Jingdong, thiab tseem muaj COFCO thiab Xi Cui thiab lwm lub tuam txhab ua liaj ua teb niaj hnub tshiab. Hauv cov Hoobkas cog qoob loo faib tawm thiab txawb, cov thawv xa khoom (cov thawv tshiab lossis kev tsim kho dua tshiab ntawm cov thawv siv lawm) tseem siv ua cov khoom nqa khoom txheem. Cov tshuab teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag cuav feem ntau siv cov tshuab teeb pom kev zoo linear lossis flat-panel array, thiab tus lej ntawm cov hom cog qoob loo txuas ntxiv nthuav dav. Ntau yam teeb pom kev zoo sim LED teeb pom kev zoo tau pib siv dav thiab dav. Cov khoom lag luam hauv khw feem ntau yog cov zaub ntsuab nplooj.

④Cog cov nroj tsuag hauv tsev neeg. LED siv tau rau hauv cov teeb pom kev zoo hauv tsev neeg, cov txee cog nroj tsuag hauv tsev neeg, cov tshuab cog zaub hauv tsev neeg, thiab lwm yam.

⑤Kev cog cov nroj tsuag tshuaj. Kev cog cov nroj tsuag tshuaj suav nrog cov nroj tsuag xws li Anoectochilus thiab Lithospermum. Cov khoom lag luam hauv cov lag luam no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua thiab tam sim no yog kev lag luam uas muaj ntau daim ntawv thov teeb pom kev zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tso cai rau kev cog cannabis hauv North America thiab qee qhov ntawm Tebchaws Europe tau txhawb nqa kev siv LED teeb pom kev zoo hauv kev cog cannabis.

⑥Teeb paj. Ua ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev kho lub sijhawm paj ntawm paj hauv kev lag luam cog paj, kev siv teeb paj thaum ntxov tshaj plaws yog cov teeb roj incandescent, tom qab ntawd yog cov teeb roj fluorescent txuag hluav taws xob. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm LED industrialization, ntau lub teeb pom kev zoo LED tau hloov cov teeb pom kev zoo ib txwm muaj.

⑦Kev cog qoob loo cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov teeb pom kev zoo ib txwm muaj feem ntau yog cov teeb fluorescent dawb, uas muaj kev ua haujlwm tsawg thiab tsim cua sov loj. LEDs yog qhov tsim nyog dua rau kev cog qoob loo cov ntaub so ntswg zoo, tswj tau thiab me me vim lawv cov yam ntxwv zoo xws li kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, tsim cua sov tsawg thiab lub neej ntev. Tam sim no, cov raj LED dawb maj mam hloov cov teeb fluorescent dawb.

4. Kev faib khoom hauv cheeb tsam ntawm cov tuam txhab teeb pom kev zoo loj hlob

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais, tam sim no muaj ntau tshaj 300 lub tuam txhab teeb pom kev zoo hauv kuv lub teb chaws, thiab cov tuam txhab teeb pom kev zoo hauv thaj chaw Pearl River Delta suav txog ntau dua 50%, thiab lawv twb nyob hauv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Cov tuam txhab teeb pom kev zoo hauv Yangtze River Delta suav txog li 30%, thiab nws tseem yog thaj chaw tseem ceeb rau cov khoom lag luam teeb pom kev zoo. Cov tuam txhab teeb pom kev zoo ib txwm muaj feem ntau faib hauv Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta thiab Bohai Rim, uas Yangtze River Delta suav txog 53%, thiab Pearl River Delta thiab Bohai Rim suav txog 24% thiab 22% feem. Cov chaw faib khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tuam txhab teeb pom kev zoo LED yog Pearl River Delta (62%), Yangtze River Delta (20%) thiab Bohai Rim (12%).

B. Kev loj hlob ntawm LED loj hlob teeb pom kev lag luam

1. Kev Tshwj Xeeb

Lub teeb pom kev zoo LED cog qoob loo muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hloov kho spectrum thiab lub teeb ci, qis tag nrho cov cua sov tsim, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo tsis muaj dej, yog li nws tsim nyog rau kev cog qoob loo hauv ntau qhov chaw. Tib lub sijhawm, kev hloov pauv hauv ib puag ncig ntuj thiab tib neeg txoj kev nrhiav zaub mov zoo tau txhawb nqa kev txhim kho ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb thiab cov chaw cog qoob loo, thiab coj kev lag luam teeb pom kev zoo LED cog qoob loo mus rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev txhim kho sai. Yav tom ntej, lub teeb pom kev zoo LED cog qoob loo yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev ua liaj ua teb zoo, txhim kho kev nyab xeeb zaub mov, thiab txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub. Lub teeb LED rau kev cog qoob loo yuav txhim kho ntxiv nrog kev tshwj xeeb maj mam ntawm kev lag luam thiab txav mus rau hauv kev taw qhia ntau dua.

2. Kev ua haujlwm zoo

Kev txhim kho kev siv teeb pom kev zoo thiab kev siv hluav taws xob zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txo cov nqi khiav lag luam ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Kev siv cov LEDs los hloov cov teeb pom kev zoo ib txwm muaj thiab kev kho kom zoo thiab kev hloov kho qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo raws li cov qauv teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag txij li theem noob mus txog theem sau qoob loo yog cov qauv tsis zam ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb zoo yav tom ntej. Hais txog kev txhim kho cov qoob loo, nws tuaj yeem cog rau hauv theem thiab thaj chaw ua ke nrog cov qauv teeb pom kev zoo raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag kom txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm thiab cov qoob loo ntawm txhua theem. Hais txog kev txhim kho zoo, kev tswj hwm kev noj haus thiab kev tswj hwm lub teeb pom kev zoo tuaj yeem siv los ua kom cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov as-ham thiab lwm yam khoom xyaw ua haujlwm kho mob.

Raws li kev kwv yees, tam sim no lub teb chaws xav tau cov noob zaub cog qoob loo yog 680 billion, thaum lub peev xwm tsim khoom ntawm cov noob cog qoob loo hauv Hoobkas tsawg dua 10%. Kev lag luam noob cog qoob loo muaj cov kev xav tau ib puag ncig siab dua. Lub caij tsim khoom feem ntau yog lub caij ntuj no thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Lub teeb ntuj tsis muaj zog thiab xav tau lub teeb ntxiv dag. Lub teeb cog qoob loo muaj cov tswv yim thiab cov zis siab thiab qib siab ntawm kev lees txais cov tswv yim. LED muaj cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb, vim tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub (txiv lws suav, dib, txiv tsawb, thiab lwm yam) yuav tsum tau txuas, thiab cov spectrum tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ntxiv lub teeb nyob rau hauv cov huab cua noo siab tuaj yeem txhawb kev kho ntawm cov noob cog qoob loo. Lub teeb ntxiv cog zaub hauv tsev cog khoom tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tsis muaj lub teeb ntuj, txhim kho cov nroj tsuag photosynthetic efficiency, txhawb kev paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nce cov txiaj ntsig, thiab txhim kho cov khoom zoo. Lub teeb LED cog qoob loo muaj kev cia siab dav hauv cov noob zaub thiab kev tsim khoom hauv tsev cog khoom.

3. Ntse

Kev teeb pom kev zoo rau cov nroj tsuag muaj kev xav tau ntau rau kev tswj lub teeb zoo thiab qhov ntau ntawm lub teeb. Nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tswj kev txawj ntse thiab kev siv Is Taws Nem ntawm Yam, ntau yam monochromatic spectrums thiab cov txheej txheem tswj kev txawj ntse tuaj yeem ua tiav kev tswj lub sijhawm, kev tswj lub teeb, thiab raws li qhov xwm txheej loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag, kev hloov kho lub teeb zoo thiab lub teeb tso zis raws sijhawm yuav dhau los ua qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm cov thev naus laus zis teeb pom kev zoo rau cov nroj tsuag.